Data model / schema · 1.1 · 2026-01-29

MLCommons Croissant

Maintained by MLCommons

What it helps you do

Use Croissant when you need machine-readable dataset metadata, resources, record structure, ML semantics, provenance, and usage-policy extensions.

  • AI / ML
  • Cross-cutting
PlanAcquireHarmonizeExchangeLearn + reuse

01

Where it fits—and where it doesn’t

Use these four checks before committing implementation time.

Use it when
The final mile from governed data product to portable, loadable ML dataset across tools and repositories.
Do not use it as
Do not treat Croissant as a complete solution on its own. A newer cross-domain standard; life-science conventions and BioCroissant profiles are still developing.
Best for
Teams working with AI / ML and Cross-cutting data across Harmonize → Exchange → Learn + reuse.
Maturity
ScalingUsable today, with adoption or tooling still scaling; pilot the exact stack you plan to run.

02

See it in the workflow

A standard creates value by changing a handoff, not by existing in a catalog.

  1. InputWhat starts

    AI / ML and Cross-cutting data, metadata, and the local decisions around them

  2. CroissantWhat changes

    Croissant applies a shared data model / schema across Harmonize → Exchange → Learn + reuse

  3. OutputWhat becomes possible

    A more consistent, reviewable handoff for the next system or team

Readiness gateBefore scaling: A newer cross-domain standard; life-science conventions and BioCroissant profiles are still developing.

03

A concrete example

A curated assay dataset publishes JSON-LD describing files, checksums, record sets, fields, splits, provenance, license, and intended ML use.

Why it matters: Directly standardizes what ML tools and agents need to discover, validate, load, and interpret dataset structure.

04

What it fits with

Extends Schema.org; can link domain vocabularies and PROV-O; BioCroissant is an active extension workstream with no released life-science profile verified here.

05

Implementation starter

Start with one bounded handoff. Pin, test, and review it before scaling.

  1. Name an accountable owner and the decision Croissant must support.

  2. Pin the exact version and companion artifacts: 1.1 · 2026-01-29.

  3. Map one representative input to the required data model / schema artifacts.

  4. Test the result against the canonical source and record every exception.

  5. Preserve the source data, mappings, and review evidence before scaling.

06

Limitation to test first—and the tests that catch it

Risk

A newer cross-domain standard; life-science conventions and BioCroissant profiles are still developing.

Test

Run one representative end-to-end pilot and record exactly where Croissant loses context, needs an extension, or depends on another standard.

Risk

A structured or machine-readable result can still be unfit for analysis or AI.

Test

Test the output for missing context, provenance, terminology alignment, time leakage, and the intended downstream decision. Directly standardizes what ML tools and agents need to discover, validate, load, and interpret dataset structure.

07

Why we believe this

Checked against the canonical source plus implementation or adoption evidence reported by the steward or its community.

Evidence notation: E1 + E3. The code is shorthand; the plain-language statement above is the claim.

Formal status
Released specification 1.1
Confidence
Medium
Review state
Source-checked · watch
Reviewed by
ML dataset standards reviewer
Last verified
13 July 2026
Review again when
Specification, RAI, BioCroissant, or integration update
How the evidence method works

08

Source shelf

Official diagrams, examples, specifications, and explainers. Nothing external loads until you choose to open it.

  • Primary source1.1 · 2026-01-29

    Croissant 1.1 specification

    The canonical publisher or steward source used to verify this data model / schema profile.

    Publisher
    MLCommons
    Rights
    Rights remain with the publisher; this knowledge base links to the source rather than copying it.
    Access
    Opens the publisher's source in a new tab; no external media loads on this page.
    Verified
    2026-07-13
    Open at source

Next action

Put this profile in context

Compare its role with adjacent standards or place it inside an end-to-end data pathway before choosing an implementation.